What does a p-adaptive method typically employ to enhance accuracy in specific regions?

A p-adaptive method enhances accuracy in specific regions by employing higher order polynomial elements. This approach allows for increased polynomial degree within the finite element framework in areas where the solution requires more precision, such as regions with high gradients or complex geometrical features. By using higher order elements, the method can capture the behavior of the solution more accurately without necessarily increasing the total number of elements, which can lead to more efficient computations.

In contrast, other strategies such as using lower order elements or uniform element sizes do not provide the same level of accuracy in localized areas of interest. Lower order elements can be less precise, while uniform element sizes may lead to either over-resolution in areas of low interest or under-resolution in critical regions. Reduced element density is not a preferred approach in areas requiring high accuracy, as it can lead to significant loss of detail in those regions. Thus, employing higher order polynomial elements in a p-adaptive method directly addresses the need for enhanced accuracy where it is most needed.